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Miriam O'Brien Underhill
Miriam O'Brien Underhill (1898 - 1976) was an American mountaineer, environmentalist and feminist, best known for the concept of "manless climbing" - organizing all-women's ascents of challenging climbs, mostly in the Alps.
== Early life ==
Miriam Eliot O'Brien was born in Forest Glen, Maryland on July 22, 1898. Her father was a newspaper editor and government official, and her mother was a physician. With her parents, she first visited the Alps in 1914, and completed an introductory climb near Chamonix. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Bryn Mawr College in 1920, and a master's degree in psychology from the same university in 1921. She visited the Alps during several summers after World War I, and dabbled with mountaineering. She studied physics at Johns Hopkins University from 1923 to 1925.〔Ware, Susan and Braukman, Stacy (editors), Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 5, essay by Brown, Rebecca A. pages 649-650 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2005) ISBN 0-674-01488-X〕 She was an active member of the Appalachian Mountain Club her entire adult life.
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